MNE Tax

Stay up to date on the latest tax and transfer pricing news
with our free newsletter   Sign Up Now  

MENUMENU
  • Home
  • Latest
  • Transfer Pricing
  • Digital Economy
  • Multinational
    • All Multinational
      • BRICS
      • CIAT
      • G20
      • G7
      • Holy See
      • Inclusive Framework on BEPS
      • International Monetary Fund
      • OECD
      • United Nations
      • World Bank Group
      • World Trade Organization
  • Africa
    • All Africa
      • Algeria
      • Angola
      • Benin
      • Botswana
      • Burkina Faso
      • Cabo Verde
      • Cameroon
      • Congo
    • -----
      • Côte d’Ivoire
      • Guyana
      • Djibouti
      • Egypt
      • Ethiopia
      • Gabon
      • Ghana
    • -----
      • Montserrat
      • Kenya
      • Lesotho
      • Liberia
      • Malawi
      • Mali
      • Mauritius
    • -----
      • Morocco
      • Namibia
      • Nigeria
      • Rwanda
      • Senegal
      • Seychelles
      • Sierra Leone
    • -----
      • South Africa
      • South Sudan
      • Swaziland
      • Tunisia
      • Uganda
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
  • Americas
    • All Americas
      • Anguilla
      • Antigua and Barbuda
      • Argentina
      • Aruba
      • Bahamas
      • Barbados
      • Belize
      • Bermuda
      • Bolivia
    • -----
      • Brazil
      • Canada
      • British Virgin Islands
      • Cayman Islands
      • Chile
      • Colombia
      • Costa Rica
      • Cuba
      • Curacao
    • -----
      • Dominica
      • Dominican Republic
      • Ecuador
      • El Salvador
      • Grenada
      • Guatemala
      • Haiti
      • Honduras
      • Nicaragua
    • -----
      • Saint Lucia
      • Jamaica
      • Mexico
      • Panama
      • Paraguay
      • Peru
      • Saint Kitts and Nevis
      • Saint Martin
      • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    • -----
      • St. Lucia
      • Suriname
      • Trinidad and Tobago
      • Turks and Caicos Islands
      • United States
      • Uruguay
      • US Virgin Islands
      • Venezuela
  • Asia-Pacific
    • All Asia-Pacific
      • American Samoa
      • Armenia
      • Australia
      • Azerbaijan
      • Bahrain
      • Bangladesh
      • Bangladesh
      • Bhutan
      • Brunei
      • Cambodia
      • China
      • Cook Islands
      • Fiji
      • Georgia
    • -----
      • Guam
      • Hong Kong
      • India
      • Indonesia
      • Iran
      • Iraq
      • Israel
      • Japan
      • Jordan
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kiribati
      • Kyrgyzstan
      • Kuwait
    • -----
      • Laos
      • Lebanon
      • Macau
      • Malaysia
      • Maldives
      • Marshall Islands
      • Mongolia
      • Myanmar
      • Nauru
      • Nepal
      • New Zealand
      • Niue
    • -----
      • Oman
      • Pakistan
      • Palau
      • Papua New Guinea
      • Philippines
      • Qatar
      • Samoa
      • Saudi Arabia
      • Singapore
      • Solomon Islands
      • South Korea
    • -----
      • Sri Lanka
      • Taiwan
      • Thailand
      • Tonga
      • Turkey
      • Turkmenistan
      • Tuvalu
      • United Arab Emirates
      • Uzbekistan
      • Vanuatu
      • Vietnam
  • Europe
    • All Europe
      • Albania
      • Andorra
      • Austria
      • Belarus
      • Belgium
      • Bulgaria
      • Council of the European Union
      • Croatia
      • Cyprus
      • Czech Republic
      • Denmark
    • -----
      • Estonia
      • European Commission
      • European Council
      • European Court of Justice
      • European Parliament
      • Faroe Islands
      • Finland
      • France
      • Germany
      • Gibraltar
      • Greece
    • ----
      • Greenland
      • Guernsey
      • Hungary
      • Iceland
      • Ireland
      • Isle of Man
      • Italy
      • Jersey
      • Kosovo
      • Latvia
      • Liechtenstein
    • ----
      • Lithuania
      • Luxembourg
      • Macedonia
      • Malta
      • Monaco
      • Norway
      • Poland
      • Portugal
      • Romania
      • Russia
      • San Marino
    • -----
      • Serbia
      • Slovakia
      • Slovenia
      • Spain
      • Sweden
      • Switzerland
      • The Netherlands
      • Ukraine
      • United Kingdom
MENUMENU
  • International Tax and Transfer Pricing Expert Authors
    • Americas
      • Argentina
      • Brazil
      • Canada
      • Chile
      • Colombia
      • Dominican Republic
      • Mexico
      • Panama
      • Paraguay
      • Peru
      • United States
        • Atlanta
        • DC area
        • California
        • Florida
        • Illinois
        • Massachusetts
        • New York
        • Pennsylvania
        • Washington
      • Uruguay
    • Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Bulgaria
      • France
      • Croatia
      • Cyprus
      • Denmark
      • Estonia
      • Finland
      • France
      • Germany
      • Greece
      • Iceland
      • Ireland
      • Italy
      • Lithuania
      • Luxembourg
      • Netherlands
      • Norway
      • Poland
      • Portugal
      • Romania
      • Russia
      • Serbia
      • Spain
      • Sweden
      • Switzerland
      • Ukraine
      • United Kingdom
    • Asia-Pacific
      • Australia
      • Azerbaijan
      • Bahrain
      • Cambodia
      • China
      • Georgia
      • Hong Kong
      • India
      • Israel
      • Japan
      • Jordan
      • Maldives
      • Pakistan
      • Philippines
      • Singapore
      • South Korea
      • Sri Lanka
      • Thailand
      • Turkey
      • United Arab Emirates
      • Vietnam
    • Africa
      • Benin
      • Côte d’Ivoire
      • Egypt
      • Kenya
      • Mauritius
      • Morocco
      • Nigeria
      • South Africa
      • Zimbabwe

Latest

Accounting

US IRS explains tax rules for MNE branch income in a foreign currency

July 28, 2021

A practice unit published by the US Internal Revenue Service on July 26 describes the rules applicable to US multinational enterprises that enter into foreign currency transactions through . . .

Americas

US bill would create tax credit for US companies investing in Puerto Rico and other US territories to offset impact of global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) provisions: Laura Weiss / Roll Call→

July 28, 2021
Europe

Ireland and Kenya signed double tax treaty on July 21: Irish Department of Foreign Affairs→

July 28, 2021
Americas

Global minimum tax could create confusion with current CFC rules

July 28, 2021

Thomas Locher, Tax Foundation’s Center for Global Tax Policy, discusses how the implementation of a global minimum tax could create confusion with current CFC rules, raising questions about . . .

Asia-Pacific

South Korean tax reform proposal includes enhanced R&D incentives

July 27, 2021

A tax reform bill introduced by the South Korean government on July 26 includes research and development (R&D) measures aimed at promoting . . .

Europe

Iceland adopts administrative fines for transfer pricing documentation

July 27, 2021

Ólafur Evert Úlfsson, Skatturinn – Iceland Revenue and Customs, discusses the Icelandic parliament’s May 31 passage of new rules that allow Iceland Revenue and Customs to impose administrative fines on taxpayers that fail to fulfill their transfer pricing . . .

Africa

Tax dispute peer reviews find Argentine, South African APA programs wanting, Indian MAP issues

July 27, 2021

The latest peer review assessments of countries’ efforts to meet the minimum standard for tax dispute resolution, released by the OECD on July 26, report that both Argentina and South Africa fail the first prong regarding preventing . . .

Americas

EU continues to wrangle over global minimum tax’s carve-outs, rate

July 26, 2021

A July 21 study from the EU Tax Observatory predicts that a substance carve-out under the agreement for a proposed global minimum tax could exacerbate tax competition and would reduce by 15% to 30% the tax revenues that the EU would otherwise . . .

Accounting

FASB updates accounting standard for leases

July 23, 2021

A July 19 US accounting standards update from the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) revises guidance related to a lessor’s accounting for certain leases with . . .

Asia-Pacific

Singapore–Indonesia updated tax treaty enters into force

July 23, 2021

An updated tax treaty between Singapore and Indonesia entered into force on July 23, replacing . . .

Europe

Germany introduces new administrative principles for transfer pricing

July 23, 2021

Oliver Treidler, TP&C GmbH, discusses Germany’s July 14 release of new administrative principles for transfer pricing that are effective immediately and will constitute a focal point of the German transfer pricing . . .

Europe

UK draft bill would require uncertain tax treatment reporting, amend hybrid rules

July 22, 2021

The UK on July 20 published draft legislation for Finance Bill 2021-22 to create an uncertain tax treatment notification requirement for large businesses and amend the tax rules for hybrids and other mismatches, among . . .

United States

US bill introduced to establish border carbon adjustment that would impose fee on carbon-intensive imports to account for costs US businesses incur in complying with environmental standards: Senator Chris Coons (D-Del.)→

July 22, 2021
Europe

Germany adopts ATAD rules on exit taxation, CFCs, hybrids

July 22, 2021

Timo Turek, partner at Ypsilon International GmbH, discusses Germany’s June 30 implementation of the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) into law, affecting exit taxation, controlled foreign corporation (CFC) taxation reform, intra-EU anti-hybrid rules, as well as . . .

Europe

European R&D tax incentive study proposes harmonizing EU approach

July 21, 2021

A July 1 study from The European Law Institute reviews diverging trends in Europe in the definition of “research and development” (R&D) and “R&D expenditures” for tax purposes and suggests . . .

Americas

US IRS advises on transfer pricing adjustments for Altera-related ‘reverse claw-backs’

July 21, 2021

A US Internal Revenue Service Office of Chief Counsel memorandum published on July 16 offers taxpayer advice with respect to transfer pricing issues related to cost sharing agreements containing “reverse claw-back” provisions, which operate . . .

Asia-Pacific

Oman suspends local filing transfer pricing reporting requirement

July 21, 2021

Nour Ali, regional tax consultant at DNV, discusses Oman’s July 7 announcement suspending the country-by-country local filing requirement until . . .

Asia-Pacific

United Arab Emirates publishes MAP guidance for resolving tax and transfer pricing disputes

July 21, 2021

Nour Ali, regional tax consultant at DNV, discusses the United Arab Emirates’ July 1 release of mutual agreement procedure (MAP) guidance for resolving tax and transfer pricing disputes through. . .

Americas

Ireland seeks input on OECD tax proposals’ impact on Irish tax policy

July 20, 2021

The Irish Department of Finance on July 20 opened a consultation on implications for Ireland’s corporate tax policy arising from the two-pillar proposal for overhauling the international tax framework recently . . .

Europe

Gibraltar announces increase in corporate tax rate from 10% to 12.5% to ease transition to anticipated 15% rate under proposed global minimum tax agreement: Gibraltar Chief Minister’s Budget Address 2021→

July 20, 2021
Americas

Chilean guidance addresses enhanced foreign tax credit rules under 2020 tax reform

July 20, 2021

Tomás Kovacevic, Barros y Errázuriz Abogados, discusses the Chilean tax agency’s May 19 clarification of the amended foreign tax credit rules enacted in Chile’s 2020 tax reform through guidance issued . . .

Americas

Brazilian tax reform’s second phase includes corporate, investment proposals

July 20, 2021

Carolina Becman and Kassia Paulo, Gaia Silva Gaede Advogados, discuss the Brazilian government’s June 25 presentation of the second phase of its proposed tax reform, which aims to change the income tax legislation for individuals and legal entities, as well as establish . . .

Ireland

Global minimum tax negotiations could land at ‘a bit higher’ rate than 15%, OECD tax director Pascal Saint-Amans says, adding that agreement will proceed with or without Ireland: Irish Times→

July 19, 2021
Americas

Nike’s transfer pricing state aid dispute: the underlying issues

July 19, 2021

New York City Economist Dr. J. Harold McClure analyzes the issues underlying the transfer pricing dispute involving Nike, following the General Court of the European Union’s July 14 ruling declining to annul the European Commission’s state aid investigation regarding . . .

Multinational

Multinational companies could manipulate financial statements to dodge taxes under OECD proposed tax rules unless issues addressed by accounting reform: Richard Murphy / Tax Research UK→

July 19, 2021
Asia-Pacific

Philippines and Brunei signed tax treaty on July 16: Philippines Department of Finance→

July 19, 2021
Denmark

Denmark finally implements ATAD amendments to CFC regime

July 19, 2021

Susi Baerentzen, Carlsberg Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow, discusses the Danish parliament’s June 3 passage of a bill to adopt changes to the controlled foreign corporation (CFC) regime necessary for the implementation of the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) . . .

Americas

Mexico’s outsourcing schemes’ demise and its tax and transfer pricing effects

July 19, 2021

Jesús Aldrin Rojas, Managing Partner at QCG Transfer Pricing Practice, discusses tax and transfer pricing considerations for business groups in Mexico following the country’s reform to various tax and labor laws to prohibit outsourcing of personnel, published in the official gazette on April 23 . . .

Africa

Kenya’s Finance Act 2021 amends tax policy approach to global market

July 19, 2021

Samuel Okumu, Tax Consultant at Rödl & Partner Limited, discusses the Kenyan Finance Act 2021, enacted on June 29, which includes numerous amendments to the Income Tax Act, VAT Act and Tax Procedures Act that focus on taxation of cross-border transactions by . . .

Asia-Pacific

Japan and Switzerland sign tax treaty protocol

July 16, 2021

Japan and Switzerland on July 16 signed an amending protocol to the tax treaty between the countries that would revise the treatment of taxes on investment income, among . . .

OECD

US nonpartisan agency’s review of Pillars 1 & 2 reports US companies may prefer Pillar 1 adoption to alternative of digital services taxes, while Pillar 2 would allow for more government tax revenues: Congressional Research Service→

July 16, 2021
Accounting

European accounting group advises on deferred tax changes, seeks comments

July 15, 2021

The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) on July 14 issued a draft letter to the European Commission recommending endorsing the amendments to international accounting standard (IAS) 12 regarding . . .

Multinational

Global minimum tax agreement’s terms – including optional adoption, a substance carve-out, and a rate as low as 15% – mean it may not be robust, strict, and widely-enough adopted to be effective: Michael P. Devereux & John Vella / Oxford University Centre for Business→

July 15, 2021
Europe

Ireland will likely give up its 12.5% corporate tax rate later this year in response to OECD tax agreement impetus, Irish government officials reportedly suggest: Daniel McConnell / Irish Examiner→

July 15, 2021
OECD

Yellen predicts US businesses will press Congress to approve global corporate tax overhaul plans because of the tax certainty such an agreement would offer: Christopher Condon / Accounting Today→

July 14, 2021
Asia-Pacific

Hong Kong will implement international consensus on BEPS 2.0 while striving to maintain tax advantages in terms of simplicity, certainty, and fairness: Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department→

July 14, 2021
Europe

EU court rejects Nike’s challenge of transfer pricing state aid investigation

July 14, 2021

The General Court of the EU on July 14 dismissed an action by Nike to annul a decision by the European Commission to investigate whether advance pricing agreements (APAs) concluded by the Netherlands with Nike constituted . . .

Featured News

No global minimum tax holdouts have left negotiations, OECD official notes

July 14, 2021

Speaking virtually at a July 13 Tax Policy Center event, Grace Perez-Navarro, Deputy Director of the OECD’s Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, said the seven countries that have yet to sign onto the statement endorsing the adoption of a global minimum tax have their reasons for holding off, but . . .

Carbon Tax

EU ‘Green Deal’ includes energy tax changes, carbon border adjustment mechanism

July 14, 2021

The European Commission on July 14 adopted its “Green Deal” package of proposals to address climate change through various policy measures, including revisions to the tax system applicable to energy products and a new . . .

Posts navigation

« 1 … 14 15 16 … 157 »

What’s Next

May 19 – 20Tax Council Policy Institute ConferenceWashington, D.C.
May 19 – 20IFA Second European Region ConferenceMilan, Italy
May 24IFA Webinar Series Pillar Two: An UpdateVirtual Event
Sept. 4 – 8IFA CongressBerlin
Add Your Event
RECENT COMMENTS
  • Khaled Al Zaabi on Spanish government proposes digital services tax: “We are seeking assistance with Digital Assets and International Tax Consulting to help Abu Dhabi UAE Oil Company navigate the…” October 24 ,2024
  • Emma Hinson Sims on The Pillar One blueprint — the potential future of international taxation and transfer pricing: “HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO A VERY SMART, BEAUTIFUL, YOUNG LADY ON JANUARY 13TH.” January 6 ,2024
  • David Valdez on US Tax Court resolves Whirlpool tax dispute involving Mexican maquiladora structure: “Greetings Whirlpool Mexico, I’m trying to contact someone involved with the decision making for transportation from all of your Mexican…” October 20 ,2023
  • Jose Dominguez on The new US international tax rules: what you need to know about GILTI, FDII, BEAT etc.: “Very informative article. Question. Do you have a software to compute these US International Calcs to make them in house?” April 12 ,2023
  • Ciro César Soriano de Oliveira on Danish High Court rules on beneficial ownership of dividends for tax purposes: “Dear Ms Susi, This article is immensely clarifying. I’d like to know whether Danish Supreme Court has already granted its…” March 24 ,2023

OUR INTERNATIONAL TAX AND TRANSFER PRICING EXPERT AUTHORS
More than 300 international tax and transfer pricing experts from around the the world have published with MNE Tax. You can find listing of our authors below:

Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
United Kingdom

Asia-Pacific
Australia
Cambodia
China
Georgia
Hong Kong
India
Israel
Japan
Singapore
Turkey
UAE
Vietnam

Americas
Argentina
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Canada
Mexico
Peru
United States
□ California
□ DC area
□ Florida
□ Illinois
□ Massachusetts
□ New York
□ Pennsylvania
□ Washington
Uruguay 

Africa
Benin
Côte d’Ivoire
Mauritius
South Africa
Zimbabwe

For information about publishing with MNE Tax, please visit this link.

Sign up for FREE Updates:

Don't miss the latest tax & transfer pricing news!
Sign up now
  • My account

Search MNE Tax

Latest

  • Policy Paper: Transfer pricing documentation
    July 26, 2022
  • Indonesia Taxes Crypto Asset Transactions
    July 12, 2022
  • New CbC Reporting Requirements to Apply in Kenya
    July 7, 2022
  • The Colombian National Tax and Customs Administration (DIAN) modified 2021’s Resolution 164 related to the Ultimate Beneficial Owner´s Report (RUB).
    July 5, 2022
  • Frustrated with Congress, Intel delays chips groundbreaking ceremony
    June 28, 2022
  • Finnish Tax Administration to Publish Guidance on Reverse Hybrid Legislation
    June 28, 2022
  • The Evolution of Transfer Pricing in Saudi Arabia
    June 23, 2022
  • The Functional Analysis—What You Need to Know
    June 22, 2022
  • How International Organizations are Changing Transfer Pricing Compliance
    June 22, 2022
  • UK delays Pillar 2 of global tax rules to December
    June 22, 2022
  • The OECD’s Tax Transparency in Africa 2022: Africa Initiative Progress Report
    June 22, 2022
  • Mutual Agreement Procedures (MAP) and Tax Treaties benefit grant General Rules under public consultation in Dominican Republic
    June 21, 2022

Recent Comments

  • Khaled Al Zaabi on Spanish government proposes digital services tax: “We are seeking assistance with Digital Assets and International Tax Consulting to help Abu Dhabi UAE Oil Company navigate the…” October 24 ,2024
  • Emma Hinson Sims on The Pillar One blueprint — the potential future of international taxation and transfer pricing: “HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO A VERY SMART, BEAUTIFUL, YOUNG LADY ON JANUARY 13TH.” January 6 ,2024
  • David Valdez on US Tax Court resolves Whirlpool tax dispute involving Mexican maquiladora structure: “Greetings Whirlpool Mexico, I’m trying to contact someone involved with the decision making for transportation from all of your Mexican…” October 20 ,2023
  • Jose Dominguez on The new US international tax rules: what you need to know about GILTI, FDII, BEAT etc.: “Very informative article. Question. Do you have a software to compute these US International Calcs to make them in house?” April 12 ,2023
  • Ciro César Soriano de Oliveira on Danish High Court rules on beneficial ownership of dividends for tax purposes: “Dear Ms Susi, This article is immensely clarifying. I’d like to know whether Danish Supreme Court has already granted its…” March 24 ,2023

R&D Tax Credit News

  • Muddled goals, broad scope lead to unexpected costs of OECD tax agreement
    April 20, 2022
  • US House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee Republicans reintroduce R&D-related legislation: Committee on Ways and Means→
    April 20, 2022
  • Irish Department of Finance seeks public comments by May 30 on research & development (R&D) tax credit and the `Knowledge Development Box,’ an OECD-compliant intellectual property regime, which provides relief from corporation tax on income arising from qualifying assets, such as computer programs and inventions protected by a qualifying patent: Irish Ministry of Finance→
    April 18, 2022
  • What does the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act mean for the R&D tax credit?
    April 7, 2022
  • South Africa’s R&D Catch-22: Lydia Clowney / CrossBorder Solutions→
    April 6, 2022

Accounting & Reporting News

  • Calls are increasing for company disclosures on tax to help build public trust and fit in with environmental, social and governance (ESG) agenda: Aidan Lucey / The Irish Times→
    April 20, 2022
  • Will Amazon’s investors make the rules on tax transparency more clear?: CrossBorder Solutions→
    April 13, 2022
  • US Senate Finance Committee Chair Ron Wyden requests pharmaceutical company Merck explain its tax accounting practices, as it reports just 14% of pretax income in the US despite US market being home to 46% of global sales: Ron Weyden / US Senate Committee on Finance→
    April 5, 2022
  • UK Supreme Court holds on the tax deductibility of employee share options required under IFRS 2
    March 29, 2022
  • Annual vs. quarterly provision: Howard Telson / CrossBorder Solutions→
    March 23, 2022

Transfer Pricing News

  • New CbC Reporting Requirements to Apply in Kenya
    July 7, 2022
  • The Evolution of Transfer Pricing in Saudi Arabia
    June 23, 2022
  • The Functional Analysis—What You Need to Know
    June 22, 2022
  • How International Organizations are Changing Transfer Pricing Compliance
    June 22, 2022
  • The OECD’s Tax Transparency in Africa 2022: Africa Initiative Progress Report
    June 22, 2022

US tax focus

  • Policy Paper: Transfer pricing documentation
    July 26, 2022
  • Indonesia Taxes Crypto Asset Transactions
    July 12, 2022
  • New CbC Reporting Requirements to Apply in Kenya
    July 7, 2022
  • The Colombian National Tax and Customs Administration (DIAN) modified 2021’s Resolution 164 related to the Ultimate Beneficial Owner´s Report (RUB).
    July 5, 2022
  • Frustrated with Congress, Intel delays chips groundbreaking ceremony
    June 28, 2022

Trending Now

  • OECD officials note disagreement over digital tax update, reveal plans for tax and transfer pricing guidance by Julie Martin | posted on May 4, 2020
  • US Tax Court resolves Whirlpool tax dispute involving Mexican maquiladora structure by Elisa Kaminsky | posted on May 13, 2020
  • Arm’s length principle mutations: control of risk in the OECD guidelines and variations in practice by Andrew Hickman | posted on January 13, 2021
  • Nike’s transfer pricing state aid dispute: the underlying issues by Dr. Harold McClure | posted on July 19, 2021
  • How prudent is it to conduct transfer pricing risk adjustments for captive cost centres? by Smarak Swain | posted on May 4, 2021
  • OECD lists countries agreeing to country-by-country reporting exchange by Staff | posted on May 4, 2017
  • Return on assets (ROA) is an unreliable profit indicator by Ednaldo Silva | posted on October 2, 2019
  • The economics of leasing and the arm’s length standard by Dr. Harold McClure | posted on October 9, 2020

International Tax News
Transfer Pricing News

Publish with MNE Tax

About

Contact Us

Privacy Policy

Cookie Policy

Stay connected
  • LinkedIn
  • Twitter
  • Facebook

Copyright © 2021. DISCLAIMER: The information provided herein is general and may not be applicable in all situations. It should not be acted upon without legal advice accounting for a particular situation.