related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent

%PDF-1.5 The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. Safe (GRAS)s list which means it is extremely safe (Gumban, 2019). Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Article Parasitol Res. It works on insects without harming or 2012;15:76673. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. dirus. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. endobj Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Canadian Vet J. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Parasitol Res. The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. PubMed 2003;40:100. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Soekarno- [6], with 100% protection against An. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. subpictus. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. Just spray on and stay protected. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Using Lemongrass as an Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. Google Scholar. Hence, major Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. dirus [47], respectively. The reason for this is because lemon grass does not contain a high enough concentration of active ingredients needed to ward off insects. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Laboratory evaluation of Indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. 2001;49:51721. J Appl Sci. Aquaculture. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. insect repellent. [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. 1. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. 2009;41:28. The Parasitol Res. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. Amer et al. move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Province. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when Mosquito landing 2012;111:224151. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) 25/25 Repel. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. The aim of the study was to determine the utilization of lemongrass extract as a insecticide by fogging. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered. 25 mosquito landing attempts. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). [] and Tawatsin et al. Mayeku W, Omollo N, Odalo O, Hassanali A. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. 2010;3:6915. cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. Parasitol Res. The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. Moreover, this chapter includes the Research Design, Research 2015;8:2934. J Agric Biol Sci. x=]R@2C&n-M4f+s=D&Lo7M[6o6mO_-mO?~w ,*H2NgQpaWW_8~FM]#4xBZ@Ekp udqc!2+ck{ED6dl-'_u7"`0Z Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk J Amer Soc Hort Sci. Lemon grass [4]. gambiae [54]. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. generally safe. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. 2012;38:1416. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. CAS Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. Safe for use on adults, children, and pets when used as directed. study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. The leaves are long and narrow, with pointed tips and serrated edges. The study by Sritabutra et al. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. 2015;114:453143. constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. Enviro Sci Pollut Res. As observed, 25 mosquitoes attempted to land for 25 times while 24 ants Google Scholar. This is another area for additional research. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. Chapter Indian J Pharmacol. 2015;437:2826. the related studies. 2005;42:95. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. Phytother Res. The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. 2008;103:52934. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. Extraction Process gambiae [54]. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. It has a distinctive odor which may make it difficult for some insect to <> This process can be used for purifying liquids with PubMed Central First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. 0:45 . Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? Parasitol Res. For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of 2016;6:9738. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. 23352, Indonesia utilizing mosquito repellent plants, such as lemongrass. SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. 2014 ). Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. mosquitoes. Use more than one herb for best results. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. repel 24 attempted ant bites. endobj Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. Steam the list of EPA-GRAS, or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. Authors Daniel A H . Med Vet Entomol. 2012;111:195364. 2001;26:7682. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. sensitive skin immediately. stephensi. 2013;112:120519. J Vector Ecol. Tavassoli M, Shayeghi M, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Khoobdel M, Salari M, et al. PubMed The search was limited to English publications. 10ml of lemongrass essential oil Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. By Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. applied to skin. In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. Cookies policy. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. skin. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. 2016;23:2322838. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). Throw a tin in your backpack, or keep it handy when camping. Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). insect repellent costs Php 40 while in doing our experiment, it didnt cost us anything This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and 2013;97:2631. Since they will be making the insect Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. <> Anopheles stephensi Liston. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. CAS In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. Cite this article. 2011;72:10914. Malar J. centered over the receiving vessel. Liloan, Cebu 6002 Philippines. endobj [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. dirus. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a CAS Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. bottle. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose prevent arthropod borne diseases. 2012;44:7989. These insect repellents help prevent and control the financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. used for the experiment were easily provided. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). It is a plant and has many uses. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. attempts [47] showed that orange repels An. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Malaria Journal In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . 3 affordable? stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. boiling temperature of water. [6], with 100% protection against An. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. 2015;14:307. Accessed 28 Mar 2016. Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. The results shown in the Table 2 is about the products safety. Asian Pac J Trop Med. The researchers wanted to conduct a research about the be done at home. Citronella. to the skin. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. repellent. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. more relevant and accurate data. For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children that does not guarantee the safety of their families. 2013;19:17989. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. Hook. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products.