But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. /F6 21 0 R 7 Topics . In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. 1. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. The states were later increased to 30 states. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. %PDF-1.5 The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. . Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. >> Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. Excellent, thanks a lot f As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. /Subtype /Image /F5 18 0 R >> we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. I love this article,very educating and interesting Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to 2. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Federalism in Nigeria. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. This is because most of the power (financial and. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. 7. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. Power Sharing Formula The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. Email Address. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. /F4 15 0 R Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Your email address will not be published. /Type /Page In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. stream Required fields are marked *. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. The Plural nature of Nigeria. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. 1. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. << There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. Resource control: 3.7 7. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. Rt. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. 4 Topics . There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. << Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? /Length 3884 Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. Population of the country In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. Your email address will not be published. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility.