[93], Following Musa Keita III's death, his brother Gbr Keita became emperor in the mid-15th century. In the 1450s, Portugal began sending raiding parties along the Gambian coast. In Ibn Khaldun's account, Sundjata is recorded as Mari Djata with "Mari" meaning "Amir" or "Prince". [70] Gbr Keita was crowned Mansa Ouali Keita II and ruled during the period of Mali's contact with Portugal. Embedded by Arienne King, published on 17 October 2020. [110] Meanwhile, Songhai seized the salt mines of Taghazza in 1493. At its peak, Mali was the largest empire in West Africa, widely . Mali is the Fula form of the word. [16], Al-Yafii gave Musa's name as Musa ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abi al-Aswad (Arabic: , romanized:Ms ibn Ab Bakr ibn Ab al-Aswad),[17] and Ibn Hajar gave Musa's name as Musa ibn Abi Bakr Salim al-Takruri. . [50] Such impermanent capitals are a historically widespread phenomenon, having occurred in other parts of Africa such as Ethiopia, as well as outside Africa, such as in the Holy Roman Empire.[51]. Mansa Mari Djata, later named Sundiata Keita, saw the conquest of several key locals in the Mali Empire. [18], In the Songhai language, rulers of Mali such as Musa were known as the Mali-koi, koi being a title that conveyed authority over a region: in other words, the "ruler of Mali". Still, by the time of Mansa Musa Keita II's death in 1387, Mali was financially solvent and in control of all of its previous conquests short of Gao and Dyolof. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [60] Other scholars whom Musa brought to Mali included Maliki jurists. The Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto and Portuguese traders confirmed that the peoples of the Gambia were still subject to the mansa of Mali. [142][143] Numerous sources attest that the inland waterways of West Africa saw extensive use of war canoes and vessels used for war transport where permitted by the environment. Mansa Musa developed cities like Timbuktu and Gao into important cultural centers. Combined in the rapidly spoken language of the Mandinka, the names formed Sondjata, Sundjata or Sundiata Keita. It contained three immense gold mines within its borders unlike the Ghana Empire, which was only a transit point for gold. [81] He went on the hajj during the reign of Mamluk sultan Baibars (12601277). [citation needed] The northern region on the other hand had no shortage of salt. With a global population of some 11 million, the Mandinka are the best-known ethnic group of the Mande peoples, all of whom speak different dialects of the Mande language. [20] Arab interest in the Mali Empire declined after the Songhai conquered the northern regions of the empire which formed the primary contact between Mali and the Arab world. [118] Mahmud sought support from several other rulers, including the governor of Kala, Bukar. Through the oral tradition of griots, the Keita dynasty, from which nearly every Mali emperor came, claims to trace its lineage back to Lawalo, one of the sons of Bilal,[60] the faithful muezzin of Islam's prophet Muhammad, who was said to have migrated into Mali and his descendants established the ruling Keita dynasty through Maghan Kon Fatta, father of Sundiata Keita.[61]. The Gbara or Great Assembly would serve as the Mandinka deliberative body until the collapse of the empire in 1645. [98] Musa's hajj, and especially his gold, caught the attention of both the Islamic and Christian worlds. Gao had already been captured by Musa's general, and Musa quickly regained Timbuktu, built a rampart and stone fort, and placed a standing army to protect the city from future invaders.[70]. [102] The text of Ibn Khaldun says "Gao, at this time is devastated". . [43] In 1324, while in Cairo, Musa said that he had conquered 24 cities and their surrounding districts.[44]. [120], The old core of the empire was divided into three spheres of influence. Musa is known for his wealth and generosity. The Mansa led the second expedition himself, and appointed Musa as his deputy to rule the empire until he returned. In addition, the moral and religious principles he had taught his subjects endured after his death. Mansa Mahmud Keita II received the Portuguese envoys Pro d'vora and Gonalo Enes in 1487. Last modified October 17, 2020. Gold dust was used all over the empire, but was not valued equally in all regions. Mali Emperors Family Tree | Mansa Musa - The Richest Man in World History 71,113 views Nov 27, 2019 1.8K Dislike Share Save UsefulCharts 1.08M subscribers Watch the map animation on From. Masuta performs many of the same attacks as his original incarnation (though he yells a quote prior to using his abilities), but does not summon thrashing waters or create . Musa was a Muslim, and his pilgrimage to Mecca, also known as hajj, made him well known across Northern Africa and the Middle East. He is the resurrected spirit of Masuta the Ascended, the second boss in the first elite dungeon, Temple of Aminishi . They founded the first village of the Manding, Kirikoroni, then Kirina, Siby, Kita. The entire nation was mobilised, with each clan obligated to provide a quota of fighting-age men. Nelson, 1971. In the first millennium BC, early cities and towns were created by Mande peoples related to the Soninke people, along the middle Niger River in central Mali, including at Dia which began from around 900 BC, and reached its peak around 600 BC,[52] and Djenne-Djenno, which lasted from around 250 BC to 900 AD. Mansa Musa brought architects and scholars from across the Islamic world into his kingdom, and the reputation of the Mali kingdom grew. He had so much gold that during his hajj to Mecca, the Mansa passed out gold to all the poor along the way. 4. His administration and military work allowed the empire to survive through the 16th century, solidifying him, his empire, and his family into the imaginations of storytellers around the world. In 1324, while staying in Cairo during his hajj, Mansa Musa, the ruler of the Mali Empire, told an Egyptian official whom he had befriended that he had come to rule when his predecessor led a fleet in an attempt to cross the Atlantic Ocean and never returned. Captivation History summarizes Mansa Musa's story from his ancestors to his descendants as they reigned over the Mali Empire beginning in the 1300s. During Musa's 25-year-rule the Mali Empire more than tripled in size and had significant influence in several modern day countries including Mauritania, Senegal, Nigeria, Burkino Faso and Chad. He is believed to be one of the richest individuals to have walked on this planet. The Songhai Empire had fallen to the Saadi Sultanate of Morocco eight years earlier, and Mahmud sought to take advantage of their defeat by trying to capture Jenne. [86] Fajigi is remembered as having traveled to Mecca to retrieve ceremonial objects known as boliw, which feature in Mand traditional religion. Mansa Musa Family Tree | Empire of Mali. [8] Mansa, 'ruler'[9] or 'king'[10] in Mand, was the title of the ruler of the Mali Empire. Mansa Musa returned from Mecca with several Islamic scholars, including direct descendants of the prophet Muhammad and an Andalusian poet and architect by the name of Abu Es Haq es Saheli,. [20] Additional information comes from two 17th-century manuscripts written in Timbuktu, the Tarikh Ibn al-Mukhtar[c] and the Tarikh al-Sudan. Arabic sources omit Faga Leye, referring to Musa as Musa ibn Abi Bakr. The bow figured prominently in Mandinka warfare and was a symbol of military force throughout the culture. Mansa Mahmud Keita II came to the throne in 1481 during Mali's downward spiral. Rulers of West African states had made pilgrimages to Mecca before Mansa Ms, but the effect of his flamboyant journey was to advertise both Mali and Mansa Ms well beyond the African continent and to stimulate a desire among the Muslim kingdoms of North Africa, and among many of European nations as well, to reach the source of this incredible wealth. [63] Both of these accounts may be true, as Mali's control of Gao may have been weak, requiring powerful mansas to reassert their authority periodically.[64]. At Taghaza, for example, salt was exchanged; at Takedda, copper. The Gao mosque was built of burnt bricks, which had not, until then, been used as a material for building in West Africa. From the Mamma Haidara Commemorative Library, Timbuktu. Mansa Musa was a smart, powerful, competent Islamic autocrat who ruled over and expanded the Malian empire. Bowmen formed a large portion of the field army as well as the garrison. No single Keita ever ruled Manden after Mahmud Keita IV's death, resulting in the end of the Mali Empire. [40], Musa was a young man when he became mansa, possibly in his early twenties. [9] Upon Leo Africanus's visit at the beginning of the 16th century, his descriptions of the territorial domains of Mali showed that it was still a kingdom of considerable size. Answer (1 of 3): The same thing that happened to anybody else's wealth in history: it was spent, looted, donated, or otherwise distributed. Musa went on hajj to Mecca in 1324, traveling with an enormous entourage and a vast supply of gold. [136] One particular source of salt in the Mali Empire was salt-mining sites located in Taghaza. Al-Umari, who wrote down a description of Mali based on information given to him by Abu Said 'Otman ed Dukkali (who had lived 35 years in the capital), reported the realm as being square and an eight-month journey from its coast at Tura (at the mouth of the Senegal River) to Muli. [99] The gold Musa brought on his pilgrimage probably represented years of accumulated tribute that Musa would have spent much of his early reign gathering. [87] The figure of Fajigi combines both Islam and traditional beliefs. Mansa Musa eventually gained the throne owing to a strange sequence of events that turned in his favor. UsefulCharts, . Several alternate spellings exist, such as Congo Musa, Gongo Musa, and Kankan Musa, but they are regarded as incorrect. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. He was the first African ruler to be widely known throughout Europe and the Middle East. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. [56], In the 1960s, archaeological work at Niani village, reputed to be the capital of the Mali Empire, by Polish and Guinean archaeologists revealed the remains of a substantial town dating back as far as the 6th century. He describes it as being north of Mali but under its domination implying some sort of vassalage for the Antasar, Yantar'ras, Medussa and Lemtuna Berber tribes. The lands of Bambougou, Jalo (Fouta Djallon), and Kaabu were added into Mali by Fakoli Koroma (Nkrumah in Ghana, Kurumah in the Gambia, Colley in Casamance, Senegal),[70] Fran Kamara (Camara) and Tiramakhan Traore (Tarawelley in the Gambia),[77] respectively Among the many different ethnic groups surrounding Manden were Pulaar speaking groups in Macina, Tekrur and Fouta Djallon. [123] Either as a counter-attack or simply the progression of pre-planned assaults against the remnants of Mali, the Bamana sacked and burned Niani in 1670. Watch the map animation on From Nothing:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOexUoPc6YUBe sure to subscribe to From Nothing for more African History:https://www.. U UsefulCharts 0 followers More information Mansa Musa Family Tree Rich Man Original video by UsefulCharts. [123] Segou, defended by Bitn Coulibaly, successfully defended itself and Mama Maghan was forced to withdraw. [93] Gold mines in Boure, which is located in present-day Guinea, were discovered sometime near the end of the 12th century. Mansa Musa (1280-1337) Mansa Musa, fourteenth century emperor of the Mali Empire, is the medieval African ruler most known to the world outside Africa. The history of the Mandinka started in Manding region. so the name Kanku Musa means "Musa, son of Kanku", although it is unclear if the genealogy implied is literal. Despite the faama of Niani's wishes to respect the prophecy and put Sundiata on the throne, the son from his first wife Sassouma Brt was crowned instead. One of these was Dioma, an area south of Niani populated by Fula Wassoulounk. Elephant ivory was another major source of wealth.When Mansa Musa went on a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca in 1324 C.E., his journey through Egypt caused quite a stir. The emperor was so overjoyed by the new acquisition that he decided to delay his return to Niani and to visit Gao instead, there to receive the personal submission of the Songhai king and take the kings two sons as hostages. [4] Much of the recorded information about the Mali Empire comes from 14th-century Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun, 14th-century Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta and 16th-century Andalusian traveller Leo Africanus. After the publication of this atlas, Mansa Musa became cemented in the global imagination as a figure of stupendous wealth.After his return from Mecca, Mansa Musa began to revitalize cities in his kingdom. The "Qur'an" had a great importance to Mansa Musa as it states "God loves the charitable" (Document D). The Sankor University was capable of housing 25,000 students and had one of the largest libraries in the world with roughly 1,000,000 manuscripts.[100][101]. Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali) was the king of the ancient empire of Mali in West Africa. As soon as Sassouma's son Dankaran Touman took the throne, he and his mother forced the increasingly popular Sundjata into exile along with his mother and two sisters. Under his reign, Mali conquered the neighbouring kingdom of Songhai. At the height of its power, Mali had at least 400 cities, and the interior of the Niger Delta was very densely populated. The kingdom of Mali reached its greatest extent around the same time, a bustling, wealthy kingdom thanks to Mansa Musas expansion and administration.Mansa Musa died in 1337 and was succeeded by his sons. It was "an admirable Monument", surmounted by a dome and adorned with arabesques of striking colours. [135] Gold nuggets were the exclusive property of the mansa and were illegal to trade within his borders. Musa embarked on a large building program, raising mosques and madrasas in Timbuktu and Gao. It then seized Timbuktu from the Tuareg in 1468 under Sunni Ali Ber. [43] Perhaps because of this, Musa's early reign was spent in continuous military conflict with neighboring non-Muslim societies. [47][48][49] His procession reportedly included 60,000 men, all wearing brocade and Persian silk, including 12,000 slaves,[50] who each carried 1.8kg (4lb) of gold bars, and heralds dressed in silks, who bore gold staffs, organized horses, and handled bags. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Wagadou's control over Manden came to a halt after internal instability lead to its decline. After many years in exile, first at the court of Wagadou and then at Mema, Sundiata was sought out by a Niani delegation and begged to combat the Sosso and free the kingdoms of Manden forever. [97] Though this has been described as having "wrecked" Egypt's economy,[85] the historian Warren Schultz has argued that this was well within normal fluctuations in the value of gold in Mamluk Egypt.