But to be able to run JUnit 5 tests from the command-line, you need to ensure that the latest version of the maven-surefire-plugin is present in your project pom.xml (within the / section): To run a single test method, for example the testTags() in the example above, you can do this: Also look at how to run tests via the command-line and the parallel runner. Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. So now, complex payloads (that include arrays) can easily be validated in one step by combining validation markers like so: Especially note the re-use of the oddSchema both as an embedded-expression and as an array validation (on the last line). to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. When multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data. Heres a reminder that the #notpresent marker can be mixed into an equality match (==) to assert that some keys exist and at the same time ensure that some keys do not exist: The ! Karates approach is that all the step-definitions you need in order to work with HTTP, JSON and XML have been already implemented. 5678 If not, please refer to Karate's official , GitHub page which gives you a complete insight of Karate and how to set-up your project. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2. The same concept applies to XML and you can build complicated payloads from scratch in just a few, extremely readable lines. Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. Here below is an example jbang script that uses the Karate Java API to do some useful work. So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style. Since Karate uses Gherkin, you can also employ data-driven techniques such as expressing data-tables in test scripts. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. It is worth internalizing that during test-execution, it is upon the method keyword that the actual HTTP request is issued. This is useful in any situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as GraphQL or SQL. }] Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. There are two things that can happen to the returned value. If you use commas (instead of concatenating strings using +), Karate will pretty-print variables, which is what you typically want when dealing with JSON or XML. Since multiple values are supported, you can also do this: A little-known capability of the Cucumber / Gherkin syntax is to be able to tag even specific rows in a bunch of examples ! * match response contains only deep { foo, # and you can use 'contains' the way you'd expect, # some more examples of validation macros, # this is also possible, see the subtle difference from the above, """ a JSON array). But you can suffix a ?name to the feature to de-dupe it, like so: Now adminResponse and userResponse will be different, even though the same feature file is being used for a callSingle(). Karate report & karate log to have scenario name with test data. For a detailed discussion on BDD and how Karate relates to Cucumber, please refer to this blog-post: Yes, Karate is not true BDD. It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. You can imagine how you could evolve a nice set of utilities that validate all your domain objects. In typical frameworks it could mean changing multiple properties files, maven profiles and placeholders, and maybe even threading the value via a dependency-injection framework - before you can even access the value within your test. Karate has the following short-cut symbols designed to be mixed into embedded expressions: For completeness, == and != also belong in the above list. In the example below, note the use of the karate.get() helper for getting the value of a dynamic variable (which was not set at the time this JS function was declared). A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. returns the operating system details as JSON, for e.g. 3) Go to TestRunner.java file created in the step above and run it as JUnit Test. Set its name to "Karate tests". You can also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON using karate.sort(). In this chapter, we will discuss memory coalescing. if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. You can replace the values of com.mycompany and myproject as per your needs. Karate tool provides you with the step definitions. For those who use Gradle, this sample build.gradle provides a gatlingRun task that executes the Gatling test of the karate-netty project . . For an example, refer: upload-multiple-files.feature. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. Since asserting against header values in the response is a common task - match header has a special meaning. physics Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. But again, you can return a JSON object. Now if we want to validate the response as whole json, create a file named as "EResult.json" under "Karate.api.data" package (Create a separate package where all the data files will reside). But you can prefix the name with classpath: in which case the root folder would be src/test/java (assuming you are using the recommended folder structure). # the step that immediately follows the above would typically be: * def putOrPost = (someVariable == 'dev' ? See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. When re-running tests in development mode and when your test suite depends on say an Authorization header set by karate.callSingle(), you can cache the results locally to a file, which is very convenient when your auth token is valid for a period of a few minutes - which typically is the case. Instead I get this error. You should take a minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG. Karate has an elegant way to set multiple keys (via path expressions) in one step. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). Note that the Java class does not need to be public and even the test methods do not need to be public - so tests end up being very concise. A common use case is to mix API-calls into a larger test-suite, for example a Selenium or WebDriver UI test. Custom header manipulation for every HTTP request is something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable. so if you are going to pass any special characters as data via URL you need to % encode them to avoid conflicts. You may face issues if you attempt to mix in JS functions or Java code. var squares = []; Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. Here is an example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the response XML. How to save karate.prevrequest between feature files? if the name is "first": And if you use IntelliJ - you can right click and do the above. You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. { Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowRebase, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Show config` button, """ It can also be argued that the # symbol is easy to spot when eyeballing your test scripts - which makes things more readable and clear. # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! input: 82 lines (69 sloc) 3.06 KB. Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. You get to choose how to manage your environment-specific configuration values such as user-names and passwords. function(x, y, i) { Something worth mentioning here is that you would hardly need to use assert in your test scripts. _ >= 0', [peter] exactly as per design. Assuming you use JUnit, there are some good reasons for the recommended (best practice) naming convention and choice of file-placement shown above: For details on what actually goes into a script or *.feature file, refer to the syntax guide. The business of web-services testing requires access to low-level aspects such as HTTP headers, URL-paths, query-parameters, complex JSON or XML payloads and response-codes. rev2023.3.3.43278. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowConfig, # don't embed the image comparison UI when the latest image is the same / similar to the baseline (e.g. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. You can actually refer to any JsonPath on the document via $ and perform cross-field or conditional validations ! The retry keyword is designed to extend the existing method syntax (and should appear before a method step) like so: Any JavaScript expression that uses any variable in scope can be placed after the retry until part. Note how even calls to Java code can be made if needed. You may have to rely on unit-testing frameworks or integrate additional dependencies. It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. So you get the best of both worlds: the elegance of JSON to express complex nested data - while at the same time being able to dynamically plug values (that could even be other JSON or XML trees) into a template. If you want to pretty print a JSON or XML value with indenting, refer to the documentation of the print keyword. And most importantly - you can run tests in parallel without having to depend on third-party hacks that introduce code-generation and config bloat into your pom.xml or build.gradle. The function has to return a JSON object. Response Validation a. status 200 : It will check the status code coming back from the service is 200 b. print Response is: , response : This line of code will print the response from the service in the console. you can use pure JsonPath expressions (notice how this is different from the above), # and even append to json arrays (or create them automatically), # and for match - the order of keys does not matter, # you can ignore fields marked with '#ignore', # you can even set whole fragments of xml, """